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History of guerrilla warfare
The history of guerrilla warfare stretches back to ancient history. The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu, in his ''The Art of War'' (6th century BCE)or 600 BCE to 501 BCE, was the earliest to propose the use of guerrilla warfare.〔Leonard, Thomas M., ''Encyclopedia of the developing world'', 1989, p. 728. "One of the earliest proponents of guerrilla war tactics is the Chinese master of warfare, Sun Tzu."〕 This directly inspired the development of modern guerrilla warfare.;〔〔Snyder, Craig. ''Contemporary security and strategy'', 1999, p. 46. "Many of Sun Tzu's strategic ideas were adopted by the practitioners of guerrilla warfare."〕 Communist leaders like Mao Zedong and North Vietnamese Ho Chi Minh both implemented guerrilla warfare in the style of Sun Tzu,〔 which served as a model for similar strategies elsewhere, such as the Cuban "foco" theory and the anti-Soviet Mujahadeen in Afghanistan.〔McNeilly, Mark. ''Sun Tzu and the Art of Modern Warfare'', 2003, p. 204. "American arming and support of the anti-Soviet Mujahadeen in Afghanistan is another example."〕 While the tactics of modern guerrilla warfare originate in the 20th century, irregular warfare, using elements later characteristic of modern guerrilla warfare, has existed throughout the battles of many ancient civilizations.
==Ancient==
The Chinese general and strategist Sun Tzu, in his ''The Art of War'' (6th century BC), was one of the first proponents of the use of guerrilla warfare.〔 The earliest description of guerrilla warfare is an alleged battle between Emperor Huang and the Miao in China.〔Western Political Science Association. ''The Western political quarterly: Volume 15'', 1962, p.180. "We might note that the first guerrilla war had been carried on in 360 BC in China, when Emperor Huang was fighting the Miao race under Tsi Yao"〕 Guerrilla warfare was not unique to China, nomadic and migratory tribes such as the Scythians, Goths, and Huns used elements of guerrilla warfare to fight the Persian Empire, the Roman Empire, and Alexander the Great.
Guerrilla warfare was a common strategy of the various Celtic, Iberian and Germanic tribes that the Romans faced. Caratacus, the British war chief, employed guerrilla warfare against the Romans for approximately 8 years, mixed in with occasional set piece battles. Despite ultimately being captured by the Romans, Tacitus writes that many Romans respected him. Other leaders of the time who employed guerrilla warfare to some effect included Viriathus, Arminius and Vercingetorix.
In the Classic Ancient world, this kind of warfare was indirectly mentioned by the Greeks in Homeric stories, but usually as hit and run acts of foraging or booty in enemy territory, pretty much as later Vikings piracy. The Romans and Carthaginians learned of these tactics more as intended warfare by the Iberians before Viriathus and Hamilcar Barca in campaigns in Sicily against them.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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